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Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham
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・ Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville
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Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham : ウィキペディア英語版
Walter Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham

Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville in Normandy, 1st Earl of Buckingham (died 1102) was an Anglo-Norman magnate.
==Life==

He was the son of Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville (one of the few proven Companions of William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings in 1066) 〔George Edward Cokayne, ''The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant'', Vol. II, Ed. Vicary Gibbs (London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., 1912), pp. 386-7〕 and Ermengarde daughter of Gerald Flaitel.〔Detlev Schwennicke, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 4 (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt 1989), Tafel 695〕 His father had been given 107 lordships, 48 of which were in Buckingham which Walter inherited by 1085.〔George Edward Cokayne, ''The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant'', Vol. II, Ed. Vicary Gibbs (London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., 1912), p. 387〕 The caput of his feudal honor was at Crendon, Buckinghamshire.〔J. Gilbert Jenkins, 'The Lost Cartulary of Nutley Abbey', ''Huntington Library Quarterly'', Vol. 17, No. 4 (Aug., 1954), p. 379〕
He held an important castle at Longueville overlooking the River Scie as well as vast estates in Buckinghamshire.〔C. Warren Hollister, ''Henry I'' (Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 2003), p. 69〕 As he held lands in both England and Normandy he was a vassal to both Robert Curthose and William Rufus.〔 But Rufus purchased his loyalty along with several other key cross-Channel barons and fortified Walter's and the other castles, garrisoning them with knights in the king's employ who could now ravage northeastern Normandy.〔 Walter also served Rufus as Justiciar of England.〔 He was created Earl of Buckingham in 1097 probably by William Rufus.〔 Walter was one of the great magnates who joined Robert Curthose's 1101 invasion of England against Henry I of England.〔William M. Aird, ''Robert Curthose Duke of Normandy'' (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2008), p. 204〕 He died 15 July 1102 in England and his body was returned to Normandy.〔 Walter was interred at St. Mary's Church at Longueville-sur-Scie, the caput of his Norman honors.〔William M. Aird, ''Robert Curthose Duke of Normandy'' (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2008), p. 213〕

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